طه
- Meccan
- 135 verses
- Surah 20 of 114
Introduction to Surah Ta-Ha
One hundred and thirty-five verses, Meccan, twentieth in the written order. It is named for the two disconnected letters it opens with, whose meaning has never been settled — proposals in the commentary literature range from an abbreviation to a form of address to something not meant to be decoded.
The second verse
We have not sent down the Qur’an to thee to be (an occasion) for thy distress, (20:2)
The line is addressed to one person and it concerns his condition rather than his message. Whatever the letters mean, the verse after them establishes the register of the whole surah: this is the most personally addressed of the long Meccan surahs.
Moses
Most of the surah is the life of Moses, and it is the fullest telling in the Qur’an. It begins with the fire seen at a distance on a cold night, and a man going to fetch a brand from it and finding that he is being spoken to. He is told to take off his sandals. He is asked what is in his right hand, and answers at unnecessary length about his staff — leaning on it, beating down leaves for his sheep — in one of the most human exchanges in scripture. Then he is sent to Pharaoh, and asks for his chest to be expanded, his task made easy, a knot loosed from his tongue, and his brother appointed to help him.
The surah goes on through the confrontation with the magicians, who fall in prostration the moment they see what Moses has, and who tell Pharaoh to do what he likes, since they are going to their Lord regardless. It goes through the crossing, and then the golden calf, and the man who made it, and Aaron caught between the mob and his brother’s anger.
How it ends
The last section is the Day of Judgement rendered as sound and scale: mountains scattered as dust, voices hushed so that nothing is heard but a faint murmur, no intercession except by permission. Then it returns to the Prophet and tells him to be patient with what they say, and to command his family to prayer and be constant in it.
Near the close comes a short instruction that has become one of the most-repeated prayers in Muslim life — to say, O my Lord! advance me in knowledge.
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيم
مَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ لِتَشْقَىٰٓ
Maaa anzalnaa ‘alaikal Qur-aana litashqaaa
We have not sent down the Qur’an to thee to be (an occasion) for thy distress,
We have not revealed unto thee (Muhammad) this Qur’an that thou shouldst be distressed,
إِلَّا تَذْكِرَةًۭ لِّمَن يَخْشَىٰ
Illaa tazkiratal limany yakshaa
But only as an admonition to those who fear (Allah),-
But as a reminder unto him who feareth,
تَنزِيلًۭا مِّمَّنْ خَلَقَ ٱلْأَرْضَ وَٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ ٱلْعُلَى
Tanzeelam mimman khalaqal arda was samaawaatil ‘ulaa
A revelation from Him Who created the earth and the heavens on high.
A revelation from Him Who created the earth and the high heavens,
ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ عَلَى ٱلْعَرْشِ ٱسْتَوَىٰ
Ar-Rahmaanu ‘alal ‘Arshis tawaa
(Allah) Most Gracious is firmly established on the throne (of authority).
The Beneficent One, Who is established on the Throne.
لَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَمَا تَحْتَ ٱلثَّرَىٰ
Lahoo maa fis samaawaati wa maa fil ardi wa maa bainahumaa wa maa tahtassaraa
To Him belongs what is in the heavens and on earth, and all between them, and all beneath the soil.
Unto Him belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and whatsoever is between them, and whatsoever is beneath the sod.
وَإِن تَجْهَرْ بِٱلْقَوْلِ فَإِنَّهُۥ يَعْلَمُ ٱلسِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى
Wa in tajhar bilqawli fainnahoo ya’lamus sirra wa akhfaa
If thou pronounce the word aloud, (it is no matter): for verily He knoweth what is secret and what is yet more hidden.
And if thou speakest aloud, then lo! He knoweth the secret (thought) and (that which is yet) more hidden.
ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ لَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ
Allaahu laaa ilasha illaa Huwa lahul Asmaaa’ul Husnaa
Allah! there is no god but He! To Him belong the most Beautiful Names.
Allah! There is no Allah save Him. His are the most beautiful names.
وَهَلْ أَتَىٰكَ حَدِيثُ مُوسَىٰٓ
Wa hal ataaka hadeesu Moosa
Has the story of Moses reached thee?
Hath there come unto thee the story of Moses?
إِذْ رَءَا نَارًۭا فَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ ٱمْكُثُوٓا۟ إِنِّىٓ ءَانَسْتُ نَارًۭا لَّعَلِّىٓ ءَاتِيكُم مِّنْهَا بِقَبَسٍ أَوْ أَجِدُ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ هُدًۭى
Iz ra aa naaran faqaala li alhlihim kusooo inneee aanastu naaral la’alleee aateekum minhaa biqabasin aw ajidu ‘alan naari hudaa
Behold, he saw a fire: So he said to his family, “Tarry ye; I perceive a fire; perhaps I can bring you some burning brand therefrom, or find some guidance at the fire.”
When he saw a fire and said unto his folk: Lo! Wait! I see a fire afar off. Peradventure I may bring you a brand therefrom or may find guidance at the fire.
فَلَمَّآ أَتَىٰهَا نُودِىَ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ
Falammaaa ataahaa noodiya yaa Moosaa
But when he came to the fire, a voice was heard: “O Moses!
And when he reached it, he was called by name: O Moses!
إِنِّىٓ أَنَا۠ رَبُّكَ فَٱخْلَعْ نَعْلَيْكَ ۖ إِنَّكَ بِٱلْوَادِ ٱلْمُقَدَّسِ طُوًۭى
Inneee Ana Rabbuka fakhla’ na’laika innaka bilwaadil muqaddasi Tuwaa
“Verily I am thy Lord! therefore (in My presence) put off thy shoes: thou art in the sacred valley Tuwa.
Lo! I, even I, am thy Lord, So take off thy shoes, for lo! thou art in the holy valley of Tuwa.
وَأَنَا ٱخْتَرْتُكَ فَٱسْتَمِعْ لِمَا يُوحَىٰٓ
Wa anakhtartuka fastami’ limaa yoohaa
“I have chosen thee: listen, then, to the inspiration (sent to thee).
And I have chosen thee, so hearken unto that which is inspired.
إِنَّنِىٓ أَنَا ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّآ أَنَا۠ فَٱعْبُدْنِى وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ لِذِكْرِىٓ
Innaneee Anal laahu laaa ilaaha illaa Ana fa’budnee wa aqimis-salaata lizikree
“Verily, I am Allah: There is no god but I: So serve thou Me (only), and establish regular prayer for celebrating My praise.
Lo! I, even I, am Allah, There is no Allah save Me. So serve Me and establish worship for My remembrance.
إِنَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ ءَاتِيَةٌ أَكَادُ أُخْفِيهَا لِتُجْزَىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍۭ بِمَا تَسْعَىٰ
Innas Saa’ata aatiyatun akaadu ukhfeehaa litujzaa kullu nafsim bimaa tas’aa
“Verily the Hour is coming – My design is to keep it hidden – for every soul to receive its reward by the measure of its Endeavour.
Lo! the Hour is surely coming. But I will to keep it hidden, that every soul may be rewarded for that which it striveth (to achieve).
فَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكَ عَنْهَا مَن لَّا يُؤْمِنُ بِهَا وَٱتَّبَعَ هَوَىٰهُ فَتَرْدَىٰ
Falaa yasuddannnaka ‘anhaa mal laa yu’minu bihaa wattaba’a hawaahu fatardaa
“Therefore let not such as believe not therein but follow their own lusts, divert thee therefrom, lest thou perish!”..
Therefor, let not him turn thee aside from (the thought of) it who believeth not therein but followeth his own desire, lest thou perish.
وَمَا تِلْكَ بِيَمِينِكَ يَٰمُوسَىٰ
Wa maa tilka bi yamee nika yaa Moosaa
“And what is that in the right hand, O Moses?”
And what is that in thy right hand, O Moses?
قَالَ هِىَ عَصَاىَ أَتَوَكَّؤُا۟ عَلَيْهَا وَأَهُشُّ بِهَا عَلَىٰ غَنَمِى وَلِىَ فِيهَا مَـَٔارِبُ أُخْرَىٰ
Qaala hiya ‘asaaya atawakka’u alaihaa wa ahushshu bihaa ‘alaa ghanamee wa liya feehaa ma aaribu ukhraa
He said, “It is my rod: on it I lean; with it I beat down fodder for my flocks; and in it I find other uses.”
He said: This is my staff whereon I lean, and wherewith I bear down branches for my sheep, and wherein I find other uses.
قَالَ أَلْقِهَا يَٰمُوسَىٰ
Qaala alqihaa yaa Moosaa
(Allah) said, “Throw it, O Moses!”
He said: Cast it down, O Moses!
فَأَلْقَىٰهَا فَإِذَا هِىَ حَيَّةٌۭ تَسْعَىٰ
Fa-alqaahaa fa -izaa hiya haiyatun tas’aa
He threw it, and behold! It was a snake, active in motion.
So he cast it down, and lo! it was a serpent, gliding.
قَالَ خُذْهَا وَلَا تَخَفْ ۖ سَنُعِيدُهَا سِيرَتَهَا ٱلْأُولَىٰ
Qaala khuzhaa wa laa ta khaf sanu’eeduhaa seeratahal oolaa
(Allah) said, “Seize it, and fear not: We shall return it at once to its former condition”..
He said: Grasp it and fear not. We shall return it to its former state.
وَٱضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَىٰ جَنَاحِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوٓءٍ ءَايَةً أُخْرَىٰ
Wadmum yadaka ilaa janaahika takhruj baidaaa’a min ghairi sooo’in Aayatan ukhraa
“Now draw thy hand close to thy side: It shall come forth white (and shining), without harm (or stain),- as another Sign,-
And thrust thy hand within thine armpit, it will come forth white without hurt. (That will be) another token.
لِنُرِيَكَ مِنْ ءَايَٰتِنَا ٱلْكُبْرَى
Linuriyaka min Aayaatinal Kubra
“In order that We may show thee (two) of our Greater Signs.
That We may show thee (some) of Our greater portents,
ٱذْهَبْ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُۥ طَغَىٰ
Izhab ilaa Fir’awna innahoo taghaa
“Go thou to Pharaoh, for he has indeed transgressed all bounds.”
Go thou unto Pharaoh! Lo! he hath transgressed (the bounds).
قَالَ رَبِّ ٱشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى
Qaala Rabbish rah lee sadree
(Moses) said: “O my Lord! expand me my breast;
(Moses) said: My Lord! relieve my mind
وَيَسِّرْ لِىٓ أَمْرِى
Wa yassir leee amree
“Ease my task for me;
And ease my task for me;
وَٱحْلُلْ عُقْدَةًۭ مِّن لِّسَانِى
Wahlul ‘uqdatam milli saanee
“And remove the impediment from my speech,
And loose a knot from my tongue,
يَفْقَهُوا۟ قَوْلِى
Yafqahoo qawlee
“So they may understand what I say:
That they may understand my saying.
وَٱجْعَل لِّى وَزِيرًۭا مِّنْ أَهْلِى
Waj’al lee wazeeram min ahlee
“And give me a Minister from my family,
Appoint for me a henchman from my folk,
ٱشْدُدْ بِهِۦٓ أَزْرِى
Ushdud biheee azree
“Add to my strength through him,
Confirm my strength with him
وَأَشْرِكْهُ فِىٓ أَمْرِى
Wa ashrik hu feee amree
“And make him share my task:
And let him share my task,
كَىْ نُسَبِّحَكَ كَثِيرًۭا
Kai nusabbihaka kaseeraa
“That we may celebrate Thy praise without stint,
That we may glorify Thee much
وَنَذْكُرَكَ كَثِيرًا
Wa nazkuraka kaseeraa
“And remember Thee without stint:
And much remember Thee.
إِنَّكَ كُنتَ بِنَا بَصِيرًۭا
Innaka kunta binaa baseeraa
“For Thou art He that (ever) regardeth us.”
Lo! Thou art ever Seeing us.
قَالَ قَدْ أُوتِيتَ سُؤْلَكَ يَٰمُوسَىٰ
Qaala qad ooteeta su’laka yaa Moosaa
(Allah) said: “Granted is thy prayer, O Moses!”
He said: Thou art granted thy request, O Moses.
وَلَقَدْ مَنَنَّا عَلَيْكَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَىٰٓ
Wa laqad manannaa ‘alaika marratan ukhraaa
“And indeed We conferred a favour on thee another time (before).
And indeed, another time, already We have shown thee favour,
إِذْ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰٓ أُمِّكَ مَا يُوحَىٰٓ
Iz awhainaaa ilaaa ummika maa yoohaaa
“Behold! We sent to thy mother, by inspiration, the message:
When we inspired in thy mother that which is inspired,
أَنِ ٱقْذِفِيهِ فِى ٱلتَّابُوتِ فَٱقْذِفِيهِ فِى ٱلْيَمِّ فَلْيُلْقِهِ ٱلْيَمُّ بِٱلسَّاحِلِ يَأْخُذْهُ عَدُوٌّۭ لِّى وَعَدُوٌّۭ لَّهُۥ ۚ وَأَلْقَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ مَحَبَّةًۭ مِّنِّى وَلِتُصْنَعَ عَلَىٰ عَيْنِىٓ
Aniqzifeehi fit Taabooti faqzifeehi fil yammi fal yul qihil yammu bis saahili yaakhuzhu ‘aduwwul lee wa ‘aduwwul lah; wa alqaitu ‘alaika mahabbatam minnee wa litusna’a ‘alaa ‘ainee
“‘Throw (the child) into the chest, and throw (the chest) into the river: the river will cast him up on the bank, and he will be taken up by one who is an enemy to Me and an enemy to him’: But I cast (the garment of) love over thee from Me: and (this) in order that thou mayest be reared under Mine eye.
Saying: Throw him into the ark, and throw it into the river, then the river shall throw it on to the bank, and there an enemy to Me and an enemy to him shall take him. And I endued thee with love from Me that thou mightest be trained according to My will,
إِذْ تَمْشِىٓ أُخْتُكَ فَتَقُولُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ مَن يَكْفُلُهُۥ ۖ فَرَجَعْنَٰكَ إِلَىٰٓ أُمِّكَ كَىْ تَقَرَّ عَيْنُهَا وَلَا تَحْزَنَ ۚ وَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًۭا فَنَجَّيْنَٰكَ مِنَ ٱلْغَمِّ وَفَتَنَّٰكَ فُتُونًۭا ۚ فَلَبِثْتَ سِنِينَ فِىٓ أَهْلِ مَدْيَنَ ثُمَّ جِئْتَ عَلَىٰ قَدَرٍۢ يَٰمُوسَىٰ
Iz tamsheee ukhtuka fataqoolu hal adullukum ‘alaa mai yakfuluhoo faraja ‘naaka ilaaa ummika kai taqarra ‘ainuhaa wa laa tahzan; wa qatalta nafsan fanajjainaaka minal ghammi wa fatannaaka futoonaa; falabista sineena feee ahli Madyana summa ji’ta ‘alaa qadariny yaa Moosa
“Behold! thy sister goeth forth and saith, ‘shall I show you one who will nurse and rear the (child)?’ So We brought thee back to thy mother, that her eye might be cooled and she should not grieve. Then thou didst slay a man, but We saved thee from trouble, and We tried thee in various ways. Then didst thou tarry a number of years with the people of Midian. Then didst thou come hither as ordained, O Moses!
When thy sister went and said: Shall I show you one who will nurse him? and we restored thee to thy mother that her eyes might be refreshed and might not sorrow. And thou didst kill a man and We delivered thee from great distress, and tried thee with a heavy trial. And thou didst tarry years among the folk of Midian. Then camest thou (hither) by (My) providence, O Moses,
وَٱصْطَنَعْتُكَ لِنَفْسِى
Wastana’ tuka linafsee
“And I have prepared thee for Myself (for service)”..
And I have attached thee to Myself.
ٱذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَأَخُوكَ بِـَٔايَٰتِى وَلَا تَنِيَا فِى ذِكْرِى
Izhab anta wa akhooka bi Aayaatee wa laa taniyaa fee zikree
“Go, thou and thy brother, with My Signs, and slacken not, either of you, in keeping Me in remembrance.
Go, thou and thy brother, with My tokens, and be not faint in remembrance of Me.
ٱذْهَبَآ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُۥ طَغَىٰ
Izhabaaa ilaa Fir’awna innahoo taghaa
“Go, both of you, to Pharaoh, for he has indeed transgressed all bounds;
Go, both of you, unto Pharaoh. Lo! he hath transgressed (the bounds).
فَقُولَا لَهُۥ قَوْلًۭا لَّيِّنًۭا لَّعَلَّهُۥ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشَىٰ
Faqoolaa lahoo qawlal laiyinal la allahoo yatazakkkaru ‘aw yakhshaa
“But speak to him mildly; perchance he may take warning or fear (Allah).”
And speak unto him a gentle word, that peradventure he may heed or fear.
قَالَا رَبَّنَآ إِنَّنَا نَخَافُ أَن يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَآ أَوْ أَن يَطْغَىٰ
Qaalaa Rabbanaaa innanaa nakhaafu ai yafruta ‘alainaaa aw ai yatghaa
They (Moses and Aaron) said: “Our Lord! We fear lest he hasten with insolence against us, or lest he transgress all bounds.”
They said: Our Lord! Lo! we fear that he may be beforehand with us or that he may play the tyrant.
قَالَ لَا تَخَافَآ ۖ إِنَّنِى مَعَكُمَآ أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَىٰ
Qaala laa takhaafaaa innanee ma’akumaa asma’u wa araa
He said: “Fear not: for I am with you: I hear and see (everything).
He said: Fear not. Lo! I am with you twain, Hearing and Seeing.
فَأْتِيَاهُ فَقُولَآ إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَبِّكَ فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ وَلَا تُعَذِّبْهُمْ ۖ قَدْ جِئْنَٰكَ بِـَٔايَةٍۢ مِّن رَّبِّكَ ۖ وَٱلسَّلَٰمُ عَلَىٰ مَنِ ٱتَّبَعَ ٱلْهُدَىٰٓ
Faatiyaahu faqoolaaa innaa Rasoolaa Rabbika fa arsil ma’anaa Banee Israaa’eela wa laa tu’azzibhum qad ji’naaka bi Aayatim mir Rabbika wassa laamu ‘alaa manit taba’al hudaa
“So go ye both to him, and say, ‘Verily we are messengers sent by thy Lord: Send forth, therefore, the Children of Israel with us, and afflict them not: with a Sign, indeed, have we come from thy Lord! and peace to all who follow guidance!
So go ye unto him and say: Lo! we are two messengers of thy Lord. So let the children of Israel go with us, and torment them not. We bring thee a token from thy Lord. And peace will be for him who followeth right guidance.
إِنَّا قَدْ أُوحِىَ إِلَيْنَآ أَنَّ ٱلْعَذَابَ عَلَىٰ مَن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Innaa qad oohiya ilainaaa annnal ‘azaaba ‘alaa man kaz zaba wa tawalla
“‘Verily it has been revealed to us that the Penalty (awaits) those who reject and turn away.’”
Lo! it hath been revealed unto us that the doom will be for him who denieth and turneth away.
قَالَ فَمَن رَّبُّكُمَا يَٰمُوسَىٰ
Qaala famar Rabbu kumaa yaa Moosa
(When this message was delivered), (Pharaoh) said: “Who, then, O Moses, is the Lord of you two?”
(Pharaoh) said: Who then is the Lord of you twain, O Moses?
قَالَ رَبُّنَا ٱلَّذِىٓ أَعْطَىٰ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلْقَهُۥ ثُمَّ هَدَىٰ
Qaala Rabbunal lazeee a’taa kulla shai’in khalqahoo summa hadaa
He said: “Our Lord is He Who gave to each (created) thing its form and nature, and further, gave (it) guidance.”
He said: Our Lord is He Who gave unto everything its nature, then guided it aright.
قَالَ فَمَا بَالُ ٱلْقُرُونِ ٱلْأُولَىٰ
Qaala famaa baalul quroonil oolaa
(Pharaoh) said: “What then is the condition of previous generations?”
He said: What then is the state of the generations of old?
قَالَ عِلْمُهَا عِندَ رَبِّى فِى كِتَٰبٍۢ ۖ لَّا يَضِلُّ رَبِّى وَلَا يَنسَى
Qaala ‘ilmuhaa ‘inda Rabee fee kitaab, laa yadillu Rabbee wa laa yansaa
He replied: “The knowledge of that is with my Lord, duly recorded: my Lord never errs, nor forgets,-
He said: The knowledge thereof is with my Lord in a Record. My Lord neither erreth nor forgetteth,
ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلْأَرْضَ مَهْدًۭا وَسَلَكَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا سُبُلًۭا وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۭ فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِۦٓ أَزْوَٰجًۭا مِّن نَّبَاتٍۢ شَتَّىٰ
Allazee ja’ala lakumul arda mahdanw wa salaka lakum feehaa subulanw wa anzala minas samaaa’i maaa’an fa akhrajnaa biheee azwaajam min nabaatin shatta
“He Who has, made for you the earth like a carpet spread out; has enabled you to go about therein by roads (and channels); and has sent down water from the sky.” With it have We produced diverse pairs of plants each separate from the others.
Who hath appointed the earth as a bed and hath threaded roads for you therein and hath sent down water from the sky and thereby We have brought forth divers kinds of vegetation,
كُلُوا۟ وَٱرْعَوْا۟ أَنْعَٰمَكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَءَايَٰتٍۢ لِّأُو۟لِى ٱلنُّهَىٰ
Kuloo war’aw an’aamakum; inna fee zaalika la Aayaatil li ulin nuhaa
Eat (for yourselves) and pasture your cattle: verily, in this are Signs for men endued with understanding.
(Saying): Eat ye and feed your cattle. Lo! herein verily are portents for men of thought.
۞ مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَٰكُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَىٰ
Minhaa khalaqnaakum wa feehaa nu’eedukum wa minhaa nukhrijukum taaratan ukhraa
From the (earth) did We create you, and into it shall We return you, and from it shall We bring you out once again.
Thereof We created you, and thereunto We return you, and thence We bring you forth a second time.
وَلَقَدْ أَرَيْنَٰهُ ءَايَٰتِنَا كُلَّهَا فَكَذَّبَ وَأَبَىٰ
Wa laqad arainaahu Aayaatinaa kullahaa fakaz zaba wa abaa
And We showed Pharaoh all Our Signs, but he did reject and refuse.
And We verily did show him all Our tokens, but he denied them and refused.
قَالَ أَجِئْتَنَا لِتُخْرِجَنَا مِنْ أَرْضِنَا بِسِحْرِكَ يَٰمُوسَىٰ
Qaala aji’tanaa litukhri janaa min ardinaa bisihrika yaa Moosa
He said: “Hast thou come to drive us out of our land with thy magic, O Moses?
He said: Hast come to drive us out from our land by thy magic, O Moses?
فَلَنَأْتِيَنَّكَ بِسِحْرٍۢ مِّثْلِهِۦ فَٱجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ مَوْعِدًۭا لَّا نُخْلِفُهُۥ نَحْنُ وَلَآ أَنتَ مَكَانًۭا سُوًۭى
Falanaatiyannaka bisihrim mislihee faj’al bainanaa wa bainaka maw’idal laa nukhlifuhoo nahnu wa laaa anta makaanan suwaa
“But we can surely produce magic to match thine! So make a tryst between us and thee, which we shall not fail to keep – neither we nor thou – in a place where both shall have even chances.”
But we surely can produce for thee magic the like thereof; so appoint a tryst between us and you, which neither we nor thou shall fail to keep, at a place convenient (to us both).
قَالَ مَوْعِدُكُمْ يَوْمُ ٱلزِّينَةِ وَأَن يُحْشَرَ ٱلنَّاسُ ضُحًۭى
Qaala maw’idukum yawmuz zeenati wa ai yuhsharan naasu duhaa
Moses said: “Your tryst is the Day of the Festival, and let the people be assembled when the sun is well up.”
(Moses) said: Your tryst shall be the day of the feast, and let the people assemble when the sun hath risen high.
فَتَوَلَّىٰ فِرْعَوْنُ فَجَمَعَ كَيْدَهُۥ ثُمَّ أَتَىٰ
Fatawallaa Fir’awnu fajjama’a kaidahoo summa ataa
So Pharaoh withdrew: He concerted his plan, and then came (back).
Then Pharaoh went and gathered his strength, then came (to the appointed tryst).
قَالَ لَهُم مُّوسَىٰ وَيْلَكُمْ لَا تَفْتَرُوا۟ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًۭا فَيُسْحِتَكُم بِعَذَابٍۢ ۖ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنِ ٱفْتَرَىٰ
Qaala lahum Moosaa wailakum laa taftaroo ‘alal laahi kaziban fa yus hitakum bi ‘azaab, wa qad khaaba manif taraa
Moses said to him: Woe to you! Forge not ye a lie against Allah, lest He destroy you (at once) utterly by chastisement: the forger must suffer frustration!”
Moses said unto them: Woe unto you! Invent not a lie against Allah, lest He extirpate you by some punishment. He who lieth faileth miserably.
فَتَنَٰزَعُوٓا۟ أَمْرَهُم بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَسَرُّوا۟ ٱلنَّجْوَىٰ
Fatanaaza’ooo amrahum bainahum wa asarrun najwaa
So they disputed, one with another, over their affair, but they kept their talk secret.
Then they debated one with another what they must do, and they kept their counsel secret.
قَالُوٓا۟ إِنْ هَٰذَٰنِ لَسَٰحِرَٰنِ يُرِيدَانِ أَن يُخْرِجَاكُم مِّنْ أَرْضِكُم بِسِحْرِهِمَا وَيَذْهَبَا بِطَرِيقَتِكُمُ ٱلْمُثْلَىٰ
Qaalooo in haaazaani lasaahiraani yureedaani ai yukhrijaakum min ardikum bisihrihimaa wa yazhabaa bitareeqatikumul muslaa
They said: “These two are certainly (expert) magicians: their object is to drive you out from your land with their magic, and to do away with your most cherished institutions.
They said: Lo! these are two wizards who would drive you out from your country by their magic, and destroy your best traditions;
فَأَجْمِعُوا۟ كَيْدَكُمْ ثُمَّ ٱئْتُوا۟ صَفًّۭا ۚ وَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ ٱلْيَوْمَ مَنِ ٱسْتَعْلَىٰ
Fa ajmi’oo kaidakum summma’too saffaa; wa qad aflahal yawma manis ta’laa
“Therefore concert your plan, and then assemble in (serried) ranks: He wins (all along) today who gains the upper hand.”
So arrange your plan, and come in battle line. Whoso is uppermost this day will be indeed successful.
قَالُوا۟ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِمَّآ أَن تُلْقِىَ وَإِمَّآ أَن نَّكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَلْقَىٰ
Qaaloo yaa Moosaaa immaaa an tulqiya wa immaaa an nakoona awala man alqaa
They said: “O Moses! whether wilt thou that thou throw (first) or that we be the first to throw?”
They said: O Moses! Either throw first, or let us be the first to throw?
قَالَ بَلْ أَلْقُوا۟ ۖ فَإِذَا حِبَالُهُمْ وَعِصِيُّهُمْ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيْهِ مِن سِحْرِهِمْ أَنَّهَا تَسْعَىٰ
Qaala bal alqoo fa izaa hibaaluhum wa ‘isiyyuhum yuhaiyalu ilaihi min sihrihim annahaa tas’aa
He said, “Nay, throw ye first!” Then behold their ropes and their rods-so it seemed to him on account of their magic – began to be in lively motion!
He said: Nay, do ye throw! Then lo! their cords and their staves, by their magic, appeared to him as though they ran.
فَأَوْجَسَ فِى نَفْسِهِۦ خِيفَةًۭ مُّوسَىٰ
Fa awjasa fee nafsihee kheefatam Moosa
So Moses conceived in his mind a (sort of) fear.
And Moses conceived a fear in his mind.
قُلْنَا لَا تَخَفْ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ
Qulnaa laa takhaf innaka antal a’laa
We said: “Fear not! for thou hast indeed the upper hand:
We said: Fear not! Lo! thou art the higher.
وَأَلْقِ مَا فِى يَمِينِكَ تَلْقَفْ مَا صَنَعُوٓا۟ ۖ إِنَّمَا صَنَعُوا۟ كَيْدُ سَٰحِرٍۢ ۖ وَلَا يُفْلِحُ ٱلسَّاحِرُ حَيْثُ أَتَىٰ
Wa alqi maa fee yamee nika talqaf maa sana’oo; innamaa sana’oo kaidu saahir; wa laa yuflihus saahiru haisu ataa
“Throw that which is in thy right hand: Quickly will it swallow up that which they have faked what they have faked is but a magician’s trick: and the magician thrives not, (no matter) where he goes.”
Throw that which is in thy right hand! It will eat up that which they have made. Lo! that which they have made is but a wizard’s artifice, and a wizard shall not be successful to whatever point (of skill) he may attain.
فَأُلْقِىَ ٱلسَّحَرَةُ سُجَّدًۭا قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِرَبِّ هَٰرُونَ وَمُوسَىٰ
Fa ulqiyas saharatu sujjadan qaalooo aamannaa bi Rabbi Haaroona wa Moosa
So the magicians were thrown down to prostration: they said, “We believe in the Lord of Aaron and Moses”.
Then the wizards were (all) flung down prostrate, crying: We believe in the Lord of Aaron and Moses.
قَالَ ءَامَنتُمْ لَهُۥ قَبْلَ أَنْ ءَاذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَكُمُ ٱلسِّحْرَ ۖ فَلَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَٰفٍۢ وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ فِى جُذُوعِ ٱلنَّخْلِ وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ أَيُّنَآ أَشَدُّ عَذَابًۭا وَأَبْقَىٰ
Qaala aamantum lahoo qabla an aazana lakum; innahoo lakabeerukumul lazee ‘allama kumus sihra fala uqatti’anna aidiyakum wa arjulakum min khilaafinw wa la usallibannakum fee juzoo’in nakhli wa lata’lamunna aiyunaaa ashaddu ‘azaabanw wa abqaa
(Pharaoh) said: “Believe ye in Him before I give you permission? Surely this must be your leader, who has taught you magic! be sure I will cut off your hands and feet on opposite sides, and I will have you crucified on trunks of palm-trees: so shall ye know for certain, which of us can give the more severe and the more lasting punishment!”
(Pharaoh) said: Ye put faith in him before I give you leave. Lo! he is your chief who taught you magic. Now surely I shall cut off your hands and your feet alternately, and I shall crucify you on the trunks of palm trees, and ye shall know for certain which of us hath sterner and more lasting punishment.
قَالُوا۟ لَن نُّؤْثِرَكَ عَلَىٰ مَا جَآءَنَا مِنَ ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتِ وَٱلَّذِى فَطَرَنَا ۖ فَٱقْضِ مَآ أَنتَ قَاضٍ ۖ إِنَّمَا تَقْضِى هَٰذِهِ ٱلْحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنْيَآ
Qaaloo lan nu’siraka ‘alaa maa jaaa’anaa minal baiyinaati wallazee fataranaa faqdi maaa anta qaad; innamaa taqdee haazihil hayaatad dunyaa
They said: “Never shall we regard thee as more than the Clear Signs that have come to us, or than Him Who created us! so decree whatever thou desirest to decree: for thou canst only decree (touching) the life of this world.
They said: We choose thee not above the clear proofs that have come unto us, and above Him Who created us. So decree what thou wilt decree. Thou wilt end for us only this life of the world.
إِنَّآ ءَامَنَّا بِرَبِّنَا لِيَغْفِرَ لَنَا خَطَٰيَٰنَا وَمَآ أَكْرَهْتَنَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ ٱلسِّحْرِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ خَيْرٌۭ وَأَبْقَىٰٓ
Innaaa aamannaa bi Rabbinaa liyaghfira lanaa khataayaanaa wa maaa akrahtanaa ‘alaihi minas sihr; wallaahu khairunw waabqaa
“For us, we have believed in our Lord: may He forgive us our faults, and the magic to which thou didst compel us: for Allah is Best and Most Abiding.”
Lo! we believe in our Lord, that He may forgive us our sins and the magic unto which thou didst force us. Allah is better and more lasting.
إِنَّهُۥ مَن يَأْتِ رَبَّهُۥ مُجْرِمًۭا فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ جَهَنَّمَ لَا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلَا يَحْيَىٰ
Innahoo mai yaati Rabbahoo mujriman fa inna lahoo Jahannama laa yamotu feehaa wa laa yahyaa
Verily he who comes to his Lord as a sinner (at Judgment),- for him is Hell: therein shall he neither die nor live.
Lo! whoso cometh guilty unto his Lord, verily for him is hell. There he will neither die nor live.
وَمَن يَأْتِهِۦ مُؤْمِنًۭا قَدْ عَمِلَ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمُ ٱلدَّرَجَٰتُ ٱلْعُلَىٰ
Wa mai yaatihee mu’minan qad ‘amilas saalihaati fa ulaaa’ika lahumud dara jaatul ‘ulaa
But such as come to Him as Believers who have worked righteous deeds,- for them are ranks exalted,-
But whoso cometh unto Him a believer, having done good works, for such are the high stations;
جَنَّٰتُ عَدْنٍۢ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ مَن تَزَكَّىٰ
Jannaatu ‘Adnin tajree min tahtihal anhaaru khaalideena feehaa; wa zaalika jazaaa’ua man tazakka
Gardens of Eternity, beneath which flow rivers: they will dwell therein for aye: such is the reward of those who purify themselves (from evil).
Gardens of Eden underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide for ever. That is the reward of him who groweth.
وَلَقَدْ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰٓ أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِى فَٱضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقًۭا فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ يَبَسًۭا لَّا تَخَٰفُ دَرَكًۭا وَلَا تَخْشَىٰ
Wa laqad awhainaaa ilaa Moosaaa an asri bi’ibaadee fadrib lahum tareeqan fil bahri yabasal laa takhaafu darakanw wa laa takhshaa
We sent an inspiration to Moses: “Travel by night with My servants, and strike a dry path for them through the sea, without fear of being overtaken (by Pharaoh) and without (any other) fear.”
And verily We inspired Moses, saying: Take away My slaves by night and strike for them a dry path in the sea, fearing not to be overtaken, neither being afraid (of the sea).
فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ فِرْعَوْنُ بِجُنُودِهِۦ فَغَشِيَهُم مِّنَ ٱلْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ
Fa atba’ahum Fir’awnu bijunoodihee faghashiyahum minal yammmi maa ghashi yahum
Then Pharaoh pursued them with his forces, but the waters completely overwhelmed them and covered them up.
Then Pharaoh followed them with his hosts and there covered them that which did cover them of the sea.
وَأَضَلَّ فِرْعَوْنُ قَوْمَهُۥ وَمَا هَدَىٰ
wa adalla fir’awnu qawmahoo wa maa hadaa
Pharaoh led his people astray instead of leading them aright.
And Pharaoh led his folk astray, he did not guide them.
يَٰبَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ قَدْ أَنجَيْنَٰكُم مِّنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ وَوَٰعَدْنَٰكُمْ جَانِبَ ٱلطُّورِ ٱلْأَيْمَنَ وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَنَّ وَٱلسَّلْوَىٰ
Yaa Baneee Israaa’eela qad anjainaakum min ‘aduw wikum wa wa’adnaakum jaanibat Tooril aimana wa nazzalnaa ‘alaikumul Manna was Salwaa
O ye Children of Israel! We delivered you from your enemy, and We made a Covenant with you on the right side of Mount (Sinai), and We sent down to you Manna and quails:
O Children of Israel! We delivered you from your enemy, and we made a covenant with you on the holy mountain’s side, and sent down on you the manna and the quails,
كُلُوا۟ مِن طَيِّبَٰتِ مَا رَزَقْنَٰكُمْ وَلَا تَطْغَوْا۟ فِيهِ فَيَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبِى ۖ وَمَن يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِى فَقَدْ هَوَىٰ
Kuloo min taiyibaati maa razaqnaakum wa laa tatghaw feehi fa yahilla ‘alaikum ghadabee wa mai yahlil ‘alaihi ghadabee faqad hawaa
(Saying): “Eat of the good things We have provided for your sustenance, but commit no excess therein, lest My Wrath should justly descend on you: and those on whom descends My Wrath do perish indeed!
(Saying): Eat of the good things wherewith We have provided you, and transgress not in respect thereof lest My wrath come upon you: and he on whom My wrath cometh, he is lost indeed.
وَإِنِّى لَغَفَّارٌۭ لِّمَن تَابَ وَءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحًۭا ثُمَّ ٱهْتَدَىٰ
Wa innee la Ghaffaarul liman taaba wa aamana wa ‘amila saalihan summah tadaa
“But, without doubt, I am (also) He that forgives again and again, to those who repent, believe, and do right, who,- in fine, are ready to receive true guidance.”
And lo! verily I am Forgiving toward him who repenteth and believeth and doeth good, and afterward walketh aright.
۞ وَمَآ أَعْجَلَكَ عَن قَوْمِكَ يَٰمُوسَىٰ
Wa maaa a’jalaka ‘an qawmika yaa Moosa
(When Moses was up on the Mount, Allah said:) “What made thee hasten in advance of thy people, O Moses?”
And (it was said): What hath made thee hasten from thy folk, O Moses?
قَالَ هُمْ أُو۟لَآءِ عَلَىٰٓ أَثَرِى وَعَجِلْتُ إِلَيْكَ رَبِّ لِتَرْضَىٰ
Qaala hum ulaaa’i ‘alaaa asaree wa ‘ajiltu ilaika Rabbi litardaa
He replied: “Behold, they are close on my footsteps: I hastened to thee, O my Lord, to please thee.”
He said: They are close upon my track. I hastened unto Thee, my Lord, that Thou mightest be well pleased.
قَالَ فَإِنَّا قَدْ فَتَنَّا قَوْمَكَ مِنۢ بَعْدِكَ وَأَضَلَّهُمُ ٱلسَّامِرِىُّ
Qaala fa innaa qad fatannaa qawmaka mim ba’dika wa adallahumus Saamiriyy
(Allah) said: “We have tested thy people in thy absence: the Samiri has led them astray.”
He said: Lo! We have tried thy folk in thine absence, and As-Samiri hath misled them.
فَرَجَعَ مُوسَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِۦ غَضْبَٰنَ أَسِفًۭا ۚ قَالَ يَٰقَوْمِ أَلَمْ يَعِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ وَعْدًا حَسَنًا ۚ أَفَطَالَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْعَهْدُ أَمْ أَرَدتُّمْ أَن يَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبٌۭ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُم مَّوْعِدِى
Faraja’s Moosaaa ilaa qawmihee ghadbaana asifaa; qaala yaa qawmi alam ya’idkum Rabbukum wa’dan hasanaa; afataala ‘alaikumul ‘ahdu am arattum ai yahilla ‘alaikum ghadabum mir Rabbikum fa akhlaftum maw’idee
So Moses returned to his people in a state of indignation and sorrow. He said: “O my people! did not your Lord make a handsome promise to you? Did then the promise seem to you long (in coming)? Or did ye desire that Wrath should descend from your Lord on you, and so ye broke your promise to me?”
Then Moses went back unto his folk, angry and sad. He said: O my people! Hath not your Lord promised you a fair promise? Did the time appointed then appear too long for you, or did ye wish that wrath from your Lord should come upon you, that ye broke tryst with me?
قَالُوا۟ مَآ أَخْلَفْنَا مَوْعِدَكَ بِمَلْكِنَا وَلَٰكِنَّا حُمِّلْنَآ أَوْزَارًۭا مِّن زِينَةِ ٱلْقَوْمِ فَقَذَفْنَٰهَا فَكَذَٰلِكَ أَلْقَى ٱلسَّامِرِىُّ
Qaaloo maaa akhlafnaa maw’idaka bimalkinna wa laakinna hummilnaaa awzaaram min zeenatil qawmi faqazafnaahaa fakazaalika alqas Saamiriyy
They said: “We broke not the promise to thee, as far as lay in our power: but we were made to carry the weight of the ornaments of the (whole) people, and we threw them (into the fire), and that was what the Samiri suggested.
They said: We broke not tryst with thee of our own will, but we were laden with burdens of ornaments of the folk, then cast them (in the fire), for thus As-Samiri proposed.
فَأَخْرَجَ لَهُمْ عِجْلًۭا جَسَدًۭا لَّهُۥ خُوَارٌۭ فَقَالُوا۟ هَٰذَآ إِلَٰهُكُمْ وَإِلَٰهُ مُوسَىٰ فَنَسِىَ
Fa akhraja lahum ‘ijlan jasadal lahoo khuwaarun faqaaloo haazaaa ilaahukum wa ilaahu Moosaa fanasee
“Then he brought out (of the fire) before the (people) the image of a calf: It seemed to low: so they said: This is your god, and the god of Moses, but (Moses) has forgotten!”
Then he produced for them a calf, of saffron hue, which gave forth a lowing sound. And they cried: This is your god and the god of Moses, but he hath forgotten.
أَفَلَا يَرَوْنَ أَلَّا يَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَوْلًۭا وَلَا يَمْلِكُ لَهُمْ ضَرًّۭا وَلَا نَفْعًۭا
Afalaa yarawna allaa yarji’u ilaihim qawlanw wa laa yamliku lahum darranw wa laa naf’aa
Could they not see that it could not return them a word (for answer), and that it had no power either to harm them or to do them good?
See they not, then, that it returneth no saying unto them and possesseth for them neither hurt nor use?
وَلَقَدْ قَالَ لَهُمْ هَٰرُونُ مِن قَبْلُ يَٰقَوْمِ إِنَّمَا فُتِنتُم بِهِۦ ۖ وَإِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ فَٱتَّبِعُونِى وَأَطِيعُوٓا۟ أَمْرِى
Wa laqad qaala lahum Haaroonu min qablu yaa qawmi innamaa futintum bihee wa inna Rabbakumur Rahmaanu fattabi’oonee wa atee’ooo amree
Aaron had already, before this said to them: “O my people! ye are being tested in this: for verily your Lord is (Allah) Most Gracious; so follow me and obey my command.”
And Aaron indeed had told them beforehand: O my people! Ye are but being seduced therewith, for lo! your Lord is the Beneficent, so follow me and obey my order.
قَالُوا۟ لَن نَّبْرَحَ عَلَيْهِ عَٰكِفِينَ حَتَّىٰ يَرْجِعَ إِلَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ
Qaaloo lan nabraha ‘alaihi ‘aakifeena hattaa yarji’a ilainaa Moosaa
They had said: “We will not abandon this cult, but we will devote ourselves to it until Moses returns to us.”
They said: We shall by no means cease to be its votaries till Moses return unto us.
قَالَ يَٰهَٰرُونُ مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ رَأَيْتَهُمْ ضَلُّوٓا۟
Qaala Yaa Haaroonu maa mana ‘aka iz ra aitahum dallooo
(Moses) said: “O Aaron! what kept thee back, when thou sawest them going wrong,
He (Moses) said: O Aaron! What held thee back when thou didst see them gone astray,
أَلَّا تَتَّبِعَنِ ۖ أَفَعَصَيْتَ أَمْرِى
Allaa tattabi’ani afa’asaita amree
“From following me? Didst thou then disobey my order?”
That thou followedst me not? Hast thou then disobeyed my order?
قَالَ يَبْنَؤُمَّ لَا تَأْخُذْ بِلِحْيَتِى وَلَا بِرَأْسِىٓ ۖ إِنِّى خَشِيتُ أَن تَقُولَ فَرَّقْتَ بَيْنَ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ وَلَمْ تَرْقُبْ قَوْلِى
Qaala yabna’umma laa taakhuz bilihyatee wa laa biraasee innee khashetu an taqoola farraqta baina Baneee Israaa’eela wa lam tarqub qawlee
(Aaron) replied: “O son of my mother! Seize (me) not by my beard nor by (the hair of) my head! Truly I feared lest thou shouldst say, ‘Thou has caused a division among the children of Israel, and thou didst not respect my word!’”
He said: O son of my mother! Clutch not my beard nor my head! I feared lest thou shouldst say: Thou hast caused division among the Children of Israel, and hast not waited for my word.
قَالَ فَمَا خَطْبُكَ يَٰسَٰمِرِىُّ
Qaala famaa khatbuka yaa Saamiriyy
(Moses) said: “What then is thy case, O Samiri?”
(Moses) said: And what hast thou to say, O Samiri?
قَالَ بَصُرْتُ بِمَا لَمْ يَبْصُرُوا۟ بِهِۦ فَقَبَضْتُ قَبْضَةًۭ مِّنْ أَثَرِ ٱلرَّسُولِ فَنَبَذْتُهَا وَكَذَٰلِكَ سَوَّلَتْ لِى نَفْسِى
Qaala basurtu bimaa lam yabsuroo bihee faqabadtu qabdatam min asarir Rasooli fanabaztuhaa wa kazaalika sawwalat lee nafsee
He replied: “I saw what they saw not: so I took a handful (of dust) from the footprint of the Messenger, and threw it (into the calf): thus did my soul suggest to me.”
He said: I perceived what they perceive not, so I seized a handful from the footsteps of the messenger, and then threw it in. Thus my soul commended to me.
قَالَ فَٱذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ فِى ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ أَن تَقُولَ لَا مِسَاسَ ۖ وَإِنَّ لَكَ مَوْعِدًۭا لَّن تُخْلَفَهُۥ ۖ وَٱنظُرْ إِلَىٰٓ إِلَٰهِكَ ٱلَّذِى ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًۭا ۖ لَّنُحَرِّقَنَّهُۥ ثُمَّ لَنَنسِفَنَّهُۥ فِى ٱلْيَمِّ نَسْفًا
Qaala fazhab fa inna laka fil hayaati an taqoola laa misaasa wa inna laka maw’idal lan tukhlafahoo wanzur ilaaa ilaahikal lazee zalta ‘alaihi ‘aakifaa; lanuharriqannnahoo summa lanansifanahoo fil yammi nasfaa
(Moses) said: “Get thee gone! but thy (punishment) in this life will be that thou wilt say, ‘touch me not’; and moreover (for a future penalty) thou hast a promise that will not fail: Now look at thy god, of whom thou hast become a devoted worshipper: We will certainly (melt) it in a blazing fire and scatter it broadcast in the sea!”
(Moses) said: Then go! and lo! in this life it is for thee to say: Touch me not! and lo! there is for thee a tryst thou canst not break. Now look upon thy god of which thou hast remained a votary. Verily we will burn it and will scatter its dust over the sea.
إِنَّمَآ إِلَٰهُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَسِعَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عِلْمًۭا
Innamaaa ilaahukkumul laahul lazee laa ilaaha illaa Hoo; wasi’a kulla shai’in ilmaa
But the god of you all is the One Allah: there is no god but He: all things He comprehends in His knowledge.
Your Allah is only Allah, than Whom there is no other Allah. He embraceth all things in His knowledge.
كَذَٰلِكَ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ أَنۢبَآءِ مَا قَدْ سَبَقَ ۚ وَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَٰكَ مِن لَّدُنَّا ذِكْرًۭا
Kazaalika naqussu ‘alaika min ambaaa’i maa qad sabaq; wa qad aatainaaka mil ladunnaa Zikraa
Thus do We relate to thee some stories of what happened before: for We have sent thee a Message from Our own Presence.
Thus relate We unto thee (Muhammad) some tidings of that which happened of old, and We have given thee from Our presence a reminder.
مَّنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّهُۥ يَحْمِلُ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ وِزْرًا
Man a’rada ‘anhu, fa innahoo yahmilu Yawmal Qiyaamati wizraa
If any do turn away therefrom, verily they will bear a burden on the Day of judgment;
Whoso turneth away from it, he verily will bear a burden on the Day of Resurrection,
خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهِ ۖ وَسَآءَ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ حِمْلًۭا
Khaalideena feehi wa saaa’a lahum Yawmal Qiyaamati himlaa
They will abide in this (state): and grievous will the burden be to them on that Day,-
Abiding under it – an evil burden for them on the Day of Resurrection,
يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِى ٱلصُّورِ ۚ وَنَحْشُرُ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ زُرْقًۭا
Yawma yunfakhu fissoori wa nahshurul mujrimeena Yawma ‘izin zurqaa
The Day when the Trumpet will be sounded: that Day, We shall gather the sinful, blear-eyed (with terror).
The day when the Trumpet is blown. On that day we assemble the guilty white-eyed (with terror),
يَتَخَٰفَتُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِن لَّبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا عَشْرًۭا
Yatakhaafatoona bainahum il labistum illaa ‘ashraa
In whispers will they consult each other: “Yet tarried not longer than ten (Days);
Murmuring among themselves: Ye have tarried but ten (days).
نَّحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَقُولُونَ إِذْ يَقُولُ أَمْثَلُهُمْ طَرِيقَةً إِن لَّبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا يَوْمًۭا
nahnu a’lamu bimaa yaqooloona iz yaqoolu amsaluhum tareeqatan illabistum illaa yawmaa
We know best what they will say, when their leader most eminent in conduct will say: “Ye tarried not longer than a day!”
We are Best Aware of what they utter when their best in conduct say: Ye have tarried but a day.
وَيَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْجِبَالِ فَقُلْ يَنسِفُهَا رَبِّى نَسْفًۭا
Wa yas’aloonaka ‘anil jibaali faqul yansifuhaa Rabbee nasfaa
They ask thee concerning the Mountains: say, “My Lord will uproot them and scatter them as dust;
They will ask thee of the mountains (on that day). Say: My Lord will break them into scattered dust.
فَيَذَرُهَا قَاعًۭا صَفْصَفًۭا
Fa yazaruhaa qaa’an safsafaa
“He will leave them as plains smooth and level;
And leave it as an empty plain,
لَّا تَرَىٰ فِيهَا عِوَجًۭا وَلَآ أَمْتًۭا
Laa taraa feehaa ‘iwajanw wa laaa amtaa
“Nothing crooked or curved wilt thou see in their place.”
Wherein thou seest neither curve nor ruggedness.
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلدَّاعِىَ لَا عِوَجَ لَهُۥ ۖ وَخَشَعَتِ ٱلْأَصْوَاتُ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ فَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَّا هَمْسًۭا
Yawma iziny yattabi’oonad daa’iya laa ‘iwaja lahoo wa khasha’atil aswaatu lir Rahmaani falaa tasma’u illaa hamsaa
On that Day will they follow the Caller (straight): no crookedness (can they show) him: all sounds shall humble themselves in the Presence of (Allah) Most Gracious: nothing shalt thou hear but the tramp of their feet (as they march).
On that day they follow the summoner who deceiveth not, and voices are hushed for the Beneficent, and thou hearest but a faint murmur.
يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّا تَنفَعُ ٱلشَّفَٰعَةُ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ وَرَضِىَ لَهُۥ قَوْلًۭا
Yawma ‘izil laa tanfa’ush shafaa’atu illaa man azina lahur Rahmaanu wa radiya lahoo qawlaa
On that Day shall no intercession avail except for those for whom permission has been granted by (Allah) Most Gracious and whose word is acceptable to Him.
On that day no intercession availeth save (that of) him unto whom the Beneficent hath given leave and whose word He accepteth.
يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِهِۦ عِلْمًۭا
Ya’lamu maa bainaa aideehim wa maa khalfahum wa laa yauheetoona bihee ‘ilmaa
He knows what (appears to His creatures as) before or after or behind them: but they shall not compass it with their knowledge.
He knoweth (all) that is before them and (all) that is behind them, while they cannot compass it in knowledge.
۞ وَعَنَتِ ٱلْوُجُوهُ لِلْحَىِّ ٱلْقَيُّومِ ۖ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ حَمَلَ ظُلْمًۭا
Wa ‘anatil wujoohu lil Haiiyil Qaiyoomi wa qad khaaba man hamala zulmaa
(All) faces shall be humbled before (Him) – the Living, the Self-Subsisting, Eternal: hopeless indeed will be the man that carries iniquity (on his back).
And faces humble themselves before the Living, the Eternal. And he who beareth (a burden of) wrongdoing is indeed a failure (on that day).
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌۭ فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلْمًۭا وَلَا هَضْمًۭا
Wa mai ya’mal minas saalihaati wa huwa mu’minun falaa yakhaafu zulmanw wa laa hadmaa
But he who works deeds of righteousness, and has faith, will have no fear of harm nor of any curtailment (of what is his due).
And he who hath done some good works, being a believer, he feareth not injustice nor begrudging (of his wage).
وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَنزَلْنَٰهُ قُرْءَانًا عَرَبِيًّۭا وَصَرَّفْنَا فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلْوَعِيدِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ أَوْ يُحْدِثُ لَهُمْ ذِكْرًۭا
Wa kazaalika anzalnaahu Qur-aanan ‘Arabiyyanw wa sarrafnaa fee hi minal wa’eedi la’allahum yattaqoona aw yuhdisu lahum zikraa
Thus have We sent this down – an arabic Qur’an – and explained therein in detail some of the warnings, in order that they may fear Allah, or that it may cause their remembrance (of Him).
Thus we have revealed it as a Lecture in Arabic, and have displayed therein certain threats, that peradventure they may keep from evil or that it may cause them to take heed.
فَتَعَٰلَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلْمَلِكُ ٱلْحَقُّ ۗ وَلَا تَعْجَلْ بِٱلْقُرْءَانِ مِن قَبْلِ أَن يُقْضَىٰٓ إِلَيْكَ وَحْيُهُۥ ۖ وَقُل رَّبِّ زِدْنِى عِلْمًۭا
Fata’aalal laahul Malikul Haqq; wa laa ta’jal bil Quraani min qabli ai yuqdaaa ilaika wahyuhoo wa qur Rabbi zidnee ‘ilmaa
High above all is Allah, the King, the Truth! Be not in haste with the Qur’an before its revelation to thee is completed, but say, “O my Lord! advance me in knowledge.”
Then exalted be Allah, the True King! And hasten not (O Muhammad) with the Qur’an ere its revelation hath been perfected unto thee, and say: My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.
وَلَقَدْ عَهِدْنَآ إِلَىٰٓ ءَادَمَ مِن قَبْلُ فَنَسِىَ وَلَمْ نَجِدْ لَهُۥ عَزْمًۭا
Wa laqad ‘ahidnaaa ilaaa Aadama min qablu fanasiya wa lam najid lahoo ‘azmaa
We had already, beforehand, taken the covenant of Adam, but he forgot: and We found on his part no firm resolve.
And verily We made a covenant of old with Adam, but he forgot, and We found no constancy in him.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ ٱسْجُدُوا۟ لِءَادَمَ فَسَجَدُوٓا۟ إِلَّآ إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ
Wa iz qulnaa lilma laaa’ikatis judoo li Aadama fasajadooo illaaa Iblees; abaa
When We said to the angels, “Prostrate yourselves to Adam”, they prostrated themselves, but not Iblis: he refused.
And when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, they fell prostrate (all) save Iblis; he refused.
فَقُلْنَا يَٰٓـَٔادَمُ إِنَّ هَٰذَا عَدُوٌّۭ لَّكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ فَلَا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَىٰٓ
Faqulnaa yaaa Aadamu inna haazaa ‘aduwwul laka wa lizawjika falaa yukhrijan nakumaa minal Jannati fatashqaa
Then We said: “O Adam! verily, this is an enemy to thee and thy wife: so let him not get you both out of the Garden, so that thou art landed in misery.
Therefor we said: O Adam! This is an enemy unto thee and unto thy wife, so let him not drive you both out of the Garden so that thou come to toil.
إِنَّ لَكَ أَلَّا تَجُوعَ فِيهَا وَلَا تَعْرَىٰ
Innaa laka allaa tajoo’a feeha wa laa ta’raa
“There is therein (enough provision) for thee not to go hungry nor to go naked,
It is (vouchsafed) unto thee that thou hungerest not therein nor art naked,
وَأَنَّكَ لَا تَظْمَؤُا۟ فِيهَا وَلَا تَضْحَىٰ
Wa annaka laa tazma’u feehaa wa laa tadhaa
“Nor to suffer from thirst, nor from the sun’s heat.”
And that thou thirstest not therein nor art exposed to the sun’s heat.
فَوَسْوَسَ إِلَيْهِ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ قَالَ يَٰٓـَٔادَمُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكَ عَلَىٰ شَجَرَةِ ٱلْخُلْدِ وَمُلْكٍۢ لَّا يَبْلَىٰ
Fa waswasa ilaihish Shaitaanu qaala yaaa Aadamu hal adulluka ‘alaa shajaratil khuldi wa mulkil laa yablaa
But Satan whispered evil to him: he said, “O Adam! shall I lead thee to the Tree of Eternity and to a kingdom that never decays?”
But the devil whispered to him, saying: O Adam! Shall I show thee the tree of immortality and power that wasteth not away?
فَأَكَلَا مِنْهَا فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْءَٰتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ ۚ وَعَصَىٰٓ ءَادَمُ رَبَّهُۥ فَغَوَىٰ
Fa akalaa minhaa fabadat lahumaa saw aatuhumaa wa tafiqaa yakhsifaani ‘alaihimaa minw waraqil jannah; wa ‘asaaa Aadamu Rabbahoo faghawaa
In the result, they both ate of the tree, and so their nakedness appeared to them: they began to sew together, for their covering, leaves from the Garden: thus did Adam disobey his Lord, and allow himself to be seduced.
Then they twain ate thereof, so that their shame became apparent unto them, and they began to hide by heaping on themselves some of the leaves of the Garden. And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so went astray.
ثُمَّ ٱجْتَبَٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَهَدَىٰ
Summaj tabbahu Rabbuhoo fataaba ‘alaihi wa hadaa
But his Lord chose him (for His Grace): He turned to him, and gave him Guidance.
Then his Lord chose him, and relented toward him, and guided him.
قَالَ ٱهْبِطَا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًۢا ۖ بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّۭ ۖ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّى هُدًۭى فَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَ هُدَاىَ فَلَا يَضِلُّ وَلَا يَشْقَىٰ
Qaalah bita minhaa jamee’am ba’dukum liba’din ‘aduww; fa immaa yaati yannakum minnee hudan famanit taba’a hudaaya falaa yadillu wa laa yashhqaa
He said: “Get ye down, both of you,- all together, from the Garden, with enmity one to another: but if, as is sure, there comes to you Guidance from Me, whosoever follows My Guidance, will not lose his way, nor fall into misery.
He said: Go down hence, both of you, one of you a foe unto the other. But when there come unto you from Me a guidance, then whoso followeth My guidance, he will not go astray nor come to grief.
وَمَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَن ذِكْرِى فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ مَعِيشَةًۭ ضَنكًۭا وَنَحْشُرُهُۥ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ أَعْمَىٰ
Wa man a’rada ‘an Zikree fa inna lahoo ma’eeshatan dankanw wa nahshuruhoo Yawmal Qiyaamati a’maa
“But whosoever turns away from My Message, verily for him is a life narrowed down, and We shall raise him up blind on the Day of Judgment.”
But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.
قَالَ رَبِّ لِمَ حَشَرْتَنِىٓ أَعْمَىٰ وَقَدْ كُنتُ بَصِيرًۭا
Qaala Rabbi lima hashar tanee a’maa wa qad kuntu baseeraa
He will say: “O my Lord! why hast Thou raised me up blind, while I had sight (before)?”
He will say: My Lord! Wherefor hast Thou gathered me (hither) blind, when I was wont to see?
قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ أَتَتْكَ ءَايَٰتُنَا فَنَسِيتَهَا ۖ وَكَذَٰلِكَ ٱلْيَوْمَ تُنسَىٰ
Qaala kazaalika atatka Aayaatunaa fanaseetahaa wa kazaalikal Yawma tunsaa
(Allah) will say: “Thus didst Thou, when Our Signs came unto thee, disregard them: so wilt thou, this day, be disregarded.”
He will say: So (it must be). Our revelations came unto thee but thou didst forget them. In like manner thou art forgotten this Day.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِى مَنْ أَسْرَفَ وَلَمْ يُؤْمِنۢ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّهِۦ ۚ وَلَعَذَابُ ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ أَشَدُّ وَأَبْقَىٰٓ
Wa kazaalika najzee man asrafa wa lam yu’mim bi Aayaati Rabbih; wa la’azaabul Aakhirati ashaddu wa abqaa
And thus do We recompense him who transgresses beyond bounds and believes not in the Signs of his Lord: and the Penalty of the Hereafter is far more grievous and more enduring.
Thus do We reward him who is prodigal and believeth not the revelations of his Lord; and verily the doom of the Hereafter will be sterner and more lasting.
أَفَلَمْ يَهْدِ لَهُمْ كَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُم مِّنَ ٱلْقُرُونِ يَمْشُونَ فِى مَسَٰكِنِهِمْ ۗ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَءَايَٰتٍۢ لِّأُو۟لِى ٱلنُّهَىٰ
Afalam yahdi lahum kam ahlaknaa qablahum minal qurooni yamshoona fee masaakinihim; inna fee zaalika la Aayaatil li ulinnuhaa
Is it not a warning to such men (to call to mind) how many generations before them We destroyed, in whose haunts they (now) move? Verily, in this are Signs for men endued with understanding.
Is it not a guidance for them (to know) how many a generation We destroyed before them, amid whose dwellings they walk? Lo! therein verily are signs for men of thought.
وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌۭ سَبَقَتْ مِن رَّبِّكَ لَكَانَ لِزَامًۭا وَأَجَلٌۭ مُّسَمًّۭى
Wa law laa Kalimatun sabaqat mir Rabbika lakaana lizaamanw wa ajalum musammaa
Had it not been for a Word that went forth before from thy Lord, (their punishment) must necessarily have come; but there is a Term appointed (for respite).
And but for a decree that had already gone forth from thy Lord, and a term already fixed, the judgment would have been inevitable (in this world).
فَٱصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ ٱلشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا ۖ وَمِنْ ءَانَآئِ ٱلَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْ وَأَطْرَافَ ٱلنَّهَارِ لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضَىٰ
Fasbir ‘alaa maa yaqooloona wa sabbih bihamdi Rabbika qabla tuloo’ish shamsi wa qabla ghuroobihaa wa min aanaaa’il laili fasbbih wa atraafan nahaari la ‘allaka tardaa
Therefore be patient with what they say, and celebrate (constantly) the praises of thy Lord, before the rising of the sun, and before its setting; yea, celebrate them for part of the hours of the night, and at the sides of the day: that thou mayest have (spiritual) joy.
Therefor (O Muhammad), bear with what they say, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst find acceptance.
وَلَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَىٰ مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِۦٓ أَزْوَٰجًۭا مِّنْهُمْ زَهْرَةَ ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ ۚ وَرِزْقُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌۭ وَأَبْقَىٰ
Wa laa tamuddanna ‘ainaika ilaa ma matta’na biheee azwajam minhum zahratal hayaatid dunya linaftinahum feeh; wa rizqu Rabbika khairunw wa abqaa
Nor strain thine eyes in longing for the things We have given for enjoyment to parties of them, the splendour of the life of this world, through which We test them: but the provision of thy Lord is better and more enduring.
And strain not thine eyes toward that which We cause some wedded pairs among them to enjoy, the flower of the life of the world, that We may try them thereby. The provision of thy Lord is better and more lasting.
وَأْمُرْ أَهْلَكَ بِٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَٱصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْهَا ۖ لَا نَسْـَٔلُكَ رِزْقًۭا ۖ نَّحْنُ نَرْزُقُكَ ۗ وَٱلْعَٰقِبَةُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ
Waamur ahlaka bis Salaati wastabir ‘alaihaa la nas’aluka rizqaa; nahnu narzuquk; wal ‘aaqibatu littaqwaa
Enjoin prayer on thy people, and be constant therein. We ask thee not to provide sustenance: We provide it for thee. But the (fruit of) the Hereafter is for righteousness.
And enjoin upon thy people worship, and be constant therein. We ask not of thee a provision: We provided for thee. And the sequel is for righteousness.
وَقَالُوا۟ لَوْلَا يَأْتِينَا بِـَٔايَةٍۢ مِّن رَّبِّهِۦٓ ۚ أَوَلَمْ تَأْتِهِم بَيِّنَةُ مَا فِى ٱلصُّحُفِ ٱلْأُولَىٰ
Wa qaaloo law laa yaateenaa bi Aayatim mmir Rabbih; awalam taatihim baiyinatu maa fis suhufil oolaa
They say: “Why does he not bring us a sign from his Lord?” Has not a Clear Sign come to them of all that was in the former Books of revelation?
And they say: If only he would bring us a miracle from his Lord! Hath there not come unto them the proof of what is in the former scriptures?
وَلَوْ أَنَّآ أَهْلَكْنَٰهُم بِعَذَابٍۢ مِّن قَبْلِهِۦ لَقَالُوا۟ رَبَّنَا لَوْلَآ أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولًۭا فَنَتَّبِعَ ءَايَٰتِكَ مِن قَبْلِ أَن نَّذِلَّ وَنَخْزَىٰ
Wa law annaaa ahlaknaahum bi’azaabim min qablihee laqaaloo Rabbanaa law laaa arsalta ilainaa Rasoolan fanattabi’s Aayaatika min qabli an nazilla wa nakhzaa
And if We had inflicted on them a penalty before this, they would have said: “Our Lord! If only Thou hadst sent us a messenger, we should certainly have followed Thy Signs before we were humbled and put to shame.”
And if we had destroyed them with some punishment before it, they would assuredly have said: Our Lord! If only Thou hadst sent unto us a messenger, so that we might have followed Thy revelations before we were (thus) humbled and disgraced!
قُلْ كُلٌّۭ مُّتَرَبِّصٌۭ فَتَرَبَّصُوا۟ ۖ فَسَتَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلصِّرَٰطِ ٱلسَّوِىِّ وَمَنِ ٱهْتَدَىٰ
Qul kullum mutarabbisun fatarabbasoo fasta’lamoona man Ashaabus Siraatis Sawiyyi wa manih tadaa
Say: “Each one (of us) is waiting: wait ye, therefore, and soon shall ye know who it is that is on the straight and even way, and who it is that has received Guidance.”
Say: Each is awaiting; so await ye! Ye will come to know who are the owners of the path of equity, and who is right.
Sources. Arabic text: Tanzil Uthmani edition. Translations: Abdullah Yusuf Ali (original edition, 1934–1938) and Marmaduke Pickthall (1930), both in the public domain. Any introduction above is original writing and is not part of any translation.